Vicarious learning

Vicarious learning is the imitation of behavior following the observation of our peers' actions.

We consider the outcomes of certain actions performed by others and see their success through the behaviors demonstrated. These behaviors, therefore, appear necessary to imitate, either consciously or unconsciously, because they provide results that align with our expectations or values (such as leadership, for example). In this way, we avoid accumulating trial and error that others might have experienced before us.

Vicarious learning, also known as "modeling," involves imitating behaviors observed in individuals we consider role models in a particular field.

Unlike mimicry, observation in vicarious learning is not passive. It actively involves several dimensions: attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation.
In this type of learning, the observed behaviors have proven successful, and we aim to apply the same behaviors to achieve similar successes.

Vicarious learning emerged from social learning theories in 1986, developed by Albert Bandura. With a cognitive-behavioral orientation, Bandura realized that we cannot exist without considering our surroundings, such as our family, culture, etc. We always live with these influences and, whether we want to or not, we learn from them.

Social learning theories thus consider human actions as resulting from three factors: cognitions, behaviors, and environmental context.

Just because we learn through imitation doesn't mean our own experiences should be disregarded in this type of learning. Indeed, based on our personal experiences, we continually adjust our behaviors according to what we have lived through. Some experiences may have been failures, leading us to analyze the successful experiences of others in areas where we struggle.

This is what we consider the symbolization of our experience. In this way, we learn to communicate better, anticipate potential difficulties more effectively, and better envision our future and our actions. Vicarious learning, therefore, is not mere mimicry as it ultimately involves interpreting the results of others' behaviors through our own lens.

We experience vicarious learning from birth, imitating the behaviors and actions of our parents. This type of learning provides multiple benefits to children, adolescents, and adults.

Firstly, it allows individuals to apprehend new behaviors they have not yet acquired. By observing, practicing, and personalizing these behaviors, they can integrate them into their own repertoire.

Secondly, vicarious learning helps in eliminating dysfunctional behaviors. If an individual observes that a more appropriate reaction to a situation leads to greater well-being, they will strive to adopt that reaction.

Lastly, this type of learning can reduce anxiety or phobias. By observing loved ones facing anxiety-inducing situations with calm and appropriate responses, individuals can imitate these behaviors, thus reducing their own anxiety.

Vicarious learning extends far beyond imitating family members' behaviors. It encompasses influences from our culture (peers sharing values, ideologies, religions), books, media (TV shows, radio), influential figures (presidents, Nobel Prize winners), friends, and institutions (teachers, educators).

School is a significant source of vicarious learning. Teachers share their experiences, demonstrate exercises, and successful methods, which students can then apply to achieve similar success.

Imitation of behavior can occur in any context. The closer an individual is to their source of influence, the more readily the behavior is adopted. However, even without personal acquaintance, an individual can still consider a distant model.

Therefore, as with any type of learning, vicarious learning can be toxic depending on the sources of inspiration. Malicious individuals can exploit the vulnerability of others, leading them to adopt behaviors perceived as successful but potentially harmful.

Now that you are fully aware that others' behaviors influence you, leverage this understanding. Observe the behaviors of people you consider successful, analyze and interpret their success. Reflect on what might suit you and what you can implement to achieve your goals. This isn't about "copying" your peers or losing your identity to become them. It's about appropriating behaviors that could be useful to you and incorporating them according to your own personality and experience.